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个人中心304不锈钢播报讨论上传视频不锈钢中常见的一种材质收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10同义词06cr19ni10（06Cr19Ni10）一般指304不锈钢304不锈钢是不锈钢中常见的一种材质，密度为7.93 g/cm³；业内也叫作18/8不锈钢，意思为含有18％以上的铬和8％以上的镍；耐高温800℃，具有加工性能好，韧性高的特点，广泛应用于工业和家具装饰行业和食品医疗行业。但是需要注意的是，食品级304不锈钢跟普通的304不锈钢相比，它的含量指标更加严格。例如：国际上基本上对304不锈钢的定义是主要含铬18％-20％镍8％-10％，但食品级304不锈钢则是含铬18％和镍8％，允许一定范围内波动，并且限制各种重金属的含量。换句话来说，就是304不锈钢不一定就是食品级304不锈钢市场上常见的标示方法中有06Cr19Ni10，SUS304，其中06Cr19Ni10一般表示国标标准生产，304一般表示ASTM标准生产，SUS304表示日标标准生产。304是一种通用性的不锈钢，它广泛地用于制作要求良好综合性能（耐腐蚀和成型性）的设备和机件。为了保持不锈钢所固有的耐腐蚀性，钢必须含有18%以上的铬,8%以上的镍含量。304不锈钢是按照美国ASTM标准生产出来的不锈钢的一个牌号。中文名304不锈钢/06Cr19Ni10
外文名304 stainless steel/SUS304
别    名SUS304或者18-8不锈钢
特    点耐腐蚀（并非完全不会被腐蚀），韧性好 [1]
半成品状态热轧板，冷拔管
磁    性弱磁性，经过拉伸/冲压等冷加工后磁性会变强（可被磁铁吸住） [1]
国    标GB/T 3280-2015

目录
1物理性能2产品成分3应用范围4产品标准▪1.标示方法▪2.分类和分级5加工方法▪蚀刻法▪喷彩法▪工艺过程▪冲压加工6生锈原因▪氯离子▪固溶处理▪晶间腐蚀▪表面痕
物理性能
播报编辑304不锈钢图册(19张)抗拉强度 σb (MPa)≥515-1035条件屈服强度 σ0.2 (MPa)≥205伸长率 δ5 (%)≥40断面收缩率 ψ (%)≥?硬度：≤201HBW;≤92HRB;≤210HV密度（20℃，g/cm³）：7.93熔点（℃）：1398~1454比热容（0~100℃，KJ·kg-1K-1）：0.50热导率（W·m-1·K-1）：（100℃）16.3，（500℃）21.5线胀系数（10-6·K-1）：（0~100℃）17.2，（0~500℃）18.4电阻率（20℃，10-6Ω·m2/m）：0.73纵向弹性模量（20℃，KN/mm2）：193
产品成分
播报编辑对于304不锈钢来说，其成份中的Ni元素非常重要，直接决定着304不锈钢的抗腐蚀能力及其的价值。304中最为重要的元素是Ni、Cr，但是又不仅限于这两个元素。具体的要求由产品标准规定。行业常见判定情况认为只要Ni含量大于8%，Cr含量大于18%，就可以认为是304不锈钢。这也是为什么业内会把这类不锈钢叫做18/8不锈钢的原因。其实，相关的产品标准对304有着非常清楚的规定，而这些产品标准针对不同形状的不锈钢又有一些差异。下面是一些常见的产品标准与测试。要想确定一个材料是不是304不锈钢，必须满足产品标准中每一个元素的要求，只要有一个不符合，就不能叫做304不锈钢。1、ASTM A276（Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars棒材 and Shapes型材）304CMnPSSiCrNi要求，%≤0.08≤2.00≤0.045≤0.030≤1.0018.0–20.08.0-11.02、ASTM A240（Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate板材,Sheet片材, and Strip带材 for Pressure essels and for General Applications）304CMnPSSiCrNiN要求，%≤0.07≤2.00≤0.045≤0.030≤0.7517.5–19.58.0–10.5≤0.103、JIS G4305（cold-rolled 冷轧stainless steel plate板材, sheet片材 and strip带材）SUS 304CMnPSSiCrNi要求，%≤0.08≤2.00≤0.045≤0.030≤1.0018.0–20.08.0-10.54、JIS G4303 （Stainless steel bars不锈钢棒）SUS 304CMnPSSiCrNi要求，%≤0.08≤2.00≤0.045≤0.030≤1.0018.0–20.08.0-10.5以上四个标准只是常见的几个标准，其实ASTM和JIS中有提到304的不止这几个标准。每个标准其实对304的要求不尽相同，所以要想确定一个材料是不是304，准确的表达方式应该说是否符合某个产品标准中的304要求。材质证明书一般要出具以下类型报告：详细的标准规格对比:截止2015-12-08编号标准/S30400CMnPSSiCrNiNCu1ASTM A276/A276M-150.082.000.0450.0301.0018.0-20.08.0-11.0--2ASTM A959-110.072.000.0450.0301.0017.5-19.58.0-11.0--3ASTM A240/A240M-15a0.072.000.0450.0300.7517.5-19.58.0-10.5--4ASTM A182/A182M-150.082.000.0450.0301.0018.0-20.08.0-11.00.10-5ASTM A193/A193M-150.082.000.0450.0301.0018.0-20.08.0-11.0--6ASTM A269/A269M-150.082.000.0450.0301.0018.0-20.08.0-11.0--7ASTM A312/A312M-15a0.082.000.0450.0301.0018.0-20.08.0-11.0--8ASTM A320/A320M-15a0.082.000.0450.0301.0018.0-20.08.0-11.0--9ASTM A403/A403M-150.082.000.0450.0301.0018.0-20.08.0-11.0--10ASTM A493-09(2013)0.082.000.0450.0301.0018.0-20.08.0-10.50.101.0011ASTM A554-15a (MT-304)0.082.000.0450.0301.0018.0-20.08.0-11.0--12JIS G4303:20120.082.000.0450.0301.0018.0-20.08.0-10.5--13JIS G4304:20120.082.000.0450.0301.0018.0-20.08.0-10.5--14JIS G4305:20120.082.000.0450.0301.0018.0-20.08.0-10.5--15GB/T 20878-20070.082.000.0450.0301.0018.0-20.08.0-11.0--
应用范围
播报编辑系统描述：304不锈钢是应用最为广泛的一种铬-镍不锈钢，作为一种用途广泛的钢，它具有良好的耐蚀性、耐热性，低温强度和机械特性；冲压、弯曲等热加工性好，无热处理硬化现象（使用温度-196℃～800℃）。304不锈钢在大气中耐腐蚀， 但在工业性气氛或重污染地区使用时，则需要及时清洁以避免腐蚀。它适合用于食品的加工、储存和运输，具有良好的加工性能和可焊性。304不锈钢也广泛应用于制造家庭用品（1、2类餐具、橱柜、室内管线、热水器、锅炉、浴缸），汽车配件（风挡雨刷、消声器、模制品），医疗器具，建筑材料，化学设备，农业器械，船舶部件等。其中含量严格控制的304不锈钢，也可以称为食品级304不锈钢大多数的使用要求是长期保持建筑物的原有外貌。在确定要选用的不锈钢类型时，主要考虑的是所要求的审美标准、所在地大气的腐蚀性以及要采用的清理制度。 然而，其它应用越来越多的只是寻求结构的完整性或不透水性。例如，工业建筑的屋顶和侧墙。在这些应用中，物主的建造成本可能比审美更为重要，表面不很干净也可以。 在干燥的室内环境中使用304不锈钢效果相当好。但是，在乡村和城市要想在户外保持其外观，就需经常进行清洗。在污染严重的工业区和沿海地区，表面会非常脏，甚至产生锈蚀。但要获得户外环境中的审美效果，就需采用含镍不锈钢。所以，304不锈钢广泛用于幕墙、侧墙、屋顶及其它建筑用途，但在侵蚀性严重的工业或海洋大气中，最好采用316不锈钢。 不锈钢拉门，人们已充分认识到了在结构应用中使用不锈钢的优越性。有几种设计准则中包括了304和316不锈钢。因为"双相"不锈钢2205已把良好的耐大气腐蚀性能和高抗拉强度及弹限强度融为一体，所以，欧洲准则中也包括了这种钢。 产品形状 实际上，不锈钢是以全标准的金属形状和尺寸生产制造的，而且还有许多特殊形状。最常用的产品是用薄板和带钢制成的，也用中厚板生产特殊产品，例如，生产热轧结构型钢和挤压结构型钢。而且还有圆型、椭圆型、方型、矩型和六角型焊管或无缝钢管及其它形式的产品，包括型材、棒材、线材和铸件。
产品标准
播报编辑1.标示方法美国钢铁学会是用三位数字来标示各种标准级的可锻不锈钢的。其中：①奥氏体型不锈钢用200和300系列的数字标示，例如，某些较普通的奥氏体不锈钢是以201、 304、 316以及310为标记，②铁素体和马氏体型不锈钢用400系列的数字表示。③铁素体不锈钢是以430和446为标记，马氏体不锈钢 是以410、420以及440C为标记，④双相（奥氏体－铁素体），不锈钢、沉淀硬化不锈钢以及含铁量低于50%的高合金通常是采用专利名 称或 商标命名。2.分类和分级1.分级分类：①国家标准GB ②行业标准YB ③地方标准 ④企业标准Q/CB2.分类：①产品标准 ②包装标准 ③方法标准 ④基础标准3.标准水平（分三级）：Y级：国际先进水平 I级：国际一般水平 H级：国内先进水平4.国标GB1220-2007不锈钢棒材（I级） GB4241-84 不锈钢焊接盘园（H级）GB4356-2002 不锈钢焊接盘园（I级） GB1270-80 不锈钢管材（I级）GB12771-2000 不锈钢焊管（Y级） GB3280-2007 不锈钢冷板（I级）GB4237-2007 不锈钢热板（I级） GB4239-91 不锈钢冷带（I级）
加工方法
播报编辑蚀刻法蚀刻加工法，是在不锈钢表面采用丝网印刷耐酸保护膜，然后用氯化亚铁液蚀刻，形成艺术图案的。喷彩法喷彩法是在丝网印刷后喷射色料颗粒，构成梨皮样表面，形成艺术图案的。工艺过程不锈钢制品的喷色美术加工法的工艺过程是：不锈钢制品→丝印→蚀刻→碱处理→丝印→氧化着色→碱处理→成品。不锈钢制品的蚀刻美术加工法工艺过程是：不锈钢制品→丝印→蚀刻→碱处理→氧化着色→成品。不锈钢的化学着色法，不使用颜料及染料，而是把不锈钢浸泡在加温的浓硫酸铬溶液中，进行化学着色，其特点是耐食品性好。这种加工方法中所使用的油墨，要有非常强的耐酸性，一般使用与处理工艺相适应的具有特殊性能的UV硫化油墨。冲压加工304不锈钢工具柜不锈钢制品，特别是不锈钢带，很多时候工厂的最原始加工方式就是利用冲床进行冲压制品。冲压包括直冲和拉伸两种方式，一般硬度低于1/2都是利用拉伸和弯曲，硬度高于1/2偏硬的，都是直冲。
生锈原因
播报编辑304不锈钢材料出现生锈现象，可能有以下几个原因：氯离子氯离子广泛存在，比如食盐/汗迹/海水/海风/土壤等等。不锈钢在氯离子存在下的环境中，腐蚀很快，甚至超过普通的低碳钢。所以对不锈钢的使用环境有要求，而且需要经常擦拭，除去灰尘，保持清洁干燥。美国有一个例子：某企业用一橡木容器盛装某含氯离子的溶液，该容器已使用近百余年，上个世纪九十年代计划更换，因橡木材料不够现代，采用不锈钢更换后16天容器因腐蚀泄漏。固溶处理合金元素没有溶入基体，致使基体组织合金含量低，抗蚀性能差。晶间腐蚀这种不含钛和铌的材料有晶间腐蚀的倾向。加入钛和铌，再配以稳定处理，可以减少晶间腐蚀。在空气中或化学腐蚀介质中能够抵抗腐蚀的一种高合金钢，不锈钢是具有美观的表面和耐腐蚀性能好，不必经过镀色等表面处理，而发挥不锈钢所固有的表面性能,使用于多方面的钢铁的一种，通常称为不锈钢。代表性能的有13铬钢，18-8铬镍钢等高合金钢。从金相学角度分析，因为不锈钢含有铬而使表面形成很薄的铬膜，这个膜隔离开与钢内侵入的氧气起耐腐蚀的作用。为了保持不锈钢所固有的耐腐蚀性，钢必须含有12%以上的铬。用于需要焊接的场合。较低的碳含量使得在靠近焊缝的热影响区中所析出的碳化物减至最少，而碳化物的析出可能导致不锈钢在某些环境中产生晶间腐蚀（焊接侵蚀）。表面痕表面痕现象是指304不锈钢深加工或者加工产品研磨后，在产品表面发生线装或者点状的凹点痕缺陷。原因：表面、模具表面有异物，压边垫表面有伤疤。对策：在加工之前去除异物，伤疤，还可以通过充分研磨去除桔皮。桔皮现象是指304不锈钢成型品在研磨或者其他情况下，表面产生像桔皮一样的形状的现象。原因：研磨不充分 ，加工越大桔皮越严重， 原材料晶粒粗大，热处理软化。304不锈钢对策：深加工产品充分研磨，选择适合的热处理条件，控制原材料的晶粒度。新手上路成长任务编辑入门编辑规则本人编辑我有疑问内容质疑在线客服官方贴吧意见反馈投诉建议举报不良信息未通过词条申诉投诉侵权信息封禁查询与解封©2025 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 百科协议 | 隐私政策 | 百度百科合作平台 | 京ICP证030173号 京公网安备11000002000001号window.PAGE_DATA= 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3280-2015"}]}]}]},"lemmaCnt":1,"tips":{"isPolyseme":0,"viewTip":{"link":"/item/06cr19ni10","title":"06cr19ni10","fromId":4266443,"isPolyseme":0,"fromDesc":"06Cr19Ni10"}},"encodeLemmaId":"69372428ea524b08a138471f","versionUk":"ZHl-ZVKL8I78ZoShdhhr0A","description":"304不锈钢是不锈钢中常见的一种材质，密度为7.93 g/cm³；业内也叫作18/8不锈钢，意思为含有18％以上的铬和8％以上的镍；耐高温800℃，具有加工性能..."}window.__abbaidu_2020_subidgetf||(window.__abbaidu_2020_subidgetf=function(){return"01000000"}) 材料标准：JIS G4303:2005JIS G4304:2005JIS G4305:2005ASTM A240/ASME SA240EN10028材料与性能不锈钢防锈的机理是合金元素形成致密氧化膜，隔绝氧接触，阻止继续氧化。所以不锈钢并不是“不锈”。06Cr19Ni10材料出现生锈现象[2]  ，可能有以下几个原因：1.使用环境中存在氯离子。 氯离子广泛存在，比如食盐、汗迹、海水、海风、土壤等等。不锈钢在氯离子存在下的环境中，腐蚀很快，甚至超过普通的低碳钢。 所以对不锈钢的使用环境有要求，而且需要经常擦拭，除去灰尘，保持清洁干燥。（这样就可以给他定个“使用不当”。）美国有一个例子：某企业用一橡木容器盛装某含氯离子的溶液，该容器已使用近百余年，上个世纪九十年代计划更换，因橡木材料不够现代，采用不锈钢更换后16天容器因腐蚀泄漏。2.没有经过固溶处理。 合金元素没有溶入基体，致使基体组织合金含量低，抗蚀性能差。3.这种不含钛和铌的材料有天生的晶间腐蚀的倾向。 加入钛和铌，再配以稳定处理，可以减少晶间腐蚀。 在空气中或化学腐蚀介质中能够抵抗腐蚀的一种高合金钢，不锈钢是具有美观的表面和耐腐蚀性能好，不必经过镀色等表面处理，而发挥不锈钢所固有的表面性能,使用于多方面的钢铁的一种，通常称为不锈钢。代表性能的有13铬钢，18-8铬镍钢等高合金钢。 从金相学角度分析，因为不锈钢含有铬而使表面形成很薄的铬膜，这个膜隔离开与钢内侵入的氧气起耐腐蚀的作用。06Cr19Ni10是一种通用性的不锈钢，它广泛地用于制作要求良好综合性能（耐腐蚀和成型性）的设备和机件。为了保持不锈钢所固有的耐腐蚀性，钢必须含有12%以上的铬。06Cr19Ni10不锈钢是按照美国ASTM标准生产出来的不锈钢的一个牌号。06Cr19Ni10是得到最广泛应用的不锈钢、耐热钢。用于食品生产设备、普通化工设备、核能等。06Cr19Ni10不锈钢是应用最为广泛的一种铬-镍不锈钢，具有良好的耐蚀性、耐热性、低温强度和机械特性。在大气中耐腐蚀， 如果是工业性气氛或重污染地区，则需要及时清洁以避免腐蚀。适合用于食品的加工、储存和运输。 具有良好的加工性能和可焊性。 板式换热器、波纹管、家庭用品、建材、化学、食品工业等。允许使用温度：-196℃~800℃化学成分碳% ≤0.08硅% ≤1.00锰% ≤2.00磷% ≤0.045硫% ≤0.030镍% 8.00-11.00铬% 18.00-20.00