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个人中心收藏查看我的收藏0有用+104Cr5MoSiV1播报讨论上传视频热作模具钢特性及用途：系引进美国的H13空淬硬化热作模具钢。其性能、用途和4Cr5MoSiV钢基本相同，但因其钒含量高一些，故中温（600度）性能比4Cr5MoSiV钢要好，是热作模具钢中用途很广泛的一种代表性钢号。中文名合金工具钢
外文名4Cr5MoSiV1
简    称合工钢
类    别热作模具钢
执行标准GB/T1299—2000
统一数字代号A2050

目录
1产品介绍2化学成分▪性能▪热处理工艺3化学成分分析
产品介绍
播报编辑4Cr5MoSiV1合金工具钢简称合工钢，是在碳工钢的基础上加入合金元素而形成的钢种。其中合工钢包括：量具刃具用钢、耐冲击工具用钢、冷作模具钢、热作模具钢、无磁模具钢、塑料模具钢。4Cr5MoSiV1是热作模具钢。执行标准GB/T1299—2000。统一数字代号A20502；模具钢材牌号4Cr5MoSiV1；
化学成分
播报编辑4Cr5MoSiV1化学成分%：碳 C ：0.32～0.45硅 Si：0.80～1.20锰 Mn：0.20～0.50硫 S ：≤0.030磷 P ：≤0.030铬 Cr：4.75～5.50镍 Ni：允许残余含量≤0.25铜 Cu：允许残余含量≤0.30钒 V ：0.80～1.20钼 Mo：1.10～1.75性能●物理性能：其密度为7.8t/m3；弹性模量E为210000MPa。4Cr5MoSiV1钢的临界温度临界点 温度（近似值）/℃Ac1 860Ac3 915Ar1 775Ar3 815Ms 340Mf 2154Cr5MoSiV1钢的线（膨）胀系数温度/℃ 线（膨）胀系数/℃-120～100 9.1×10-620～200 10.3×10-620～300 11.5×10-620～400 12.2×10-620～500 12.8×10-620～600 13.2×10-620～700 13.5×10-64Cr5MoSiV1钢的热导率温度/℃ 热导率λ/W·(m·K)-125 32.2650 28.8●力学性能：4Cr5MoSiV1模具钢硬度：退火≤235HB，压痕直径≥3.95mm热处理工艺热处理：（交货状态：布氏硬度HBW10/3000（小于等于235）），淬火：790度+-15度预热，1000度（盐浴）或1010度（炉控气氛）+-6度加热，保温5~15min空冷，550度+-6度回火；退火、热加工；交货状态：钢材以退火状态交货。
化学成分分析
播报编辑4Cr5MoSiV1钢是C-Cr-Mo-Si-V型钢，在世界上的应用极其普遍，同时各国许多学者对它进行了广泛的研究,并在探究化学成分的改进。钢的应用广泛和具有优良的特性，主要由钢的化学成分决定的。当然钢中杂质元素必须降低，有资料表明,当Rm在1550MPa时,材料含硫量由0.005%降到0.003%,会使冲击韧度提高约13J。NADCA 207-2003标准就规定:优级(premium)H13钢含硫量小于0.005%,而超级(superior)的应小于0.003%S和0.015%P。下面对4Cr5MoSiV1钢的成分加以分析。 碳：美国AISI H13，UNS T20813，ASTM（最新版）的H13和FED QQ-T-570的4Cr5MoSiV1钢的含碳量都规定为（0.32~0.45）%，是所有4Cr5MoSiV1钢中含碳量范围最宽的。德国X40CrMoV5-1和1.2344的含碳量为（0.37~0.43）%，含碳量范围较窄，德国DIN17350中还有X38CrMoV5-1的含碳量为（0.36~0.42）%。日本SKD 61的含碳量为（0.32~0.42）%。我国GB/T 1299和YB/T 094中4Cr5MoSiV1和SM 4Cr5MoSiV1的含碳量为（0.32~0.42）%和（0.32~0.45）%，分别与SKD61和AISI H13相同。特别要指出的是：北美压铸协会NADCA 207-90、207-97和207-2003标准中对H13钢的含碳量都规定为（0.37~0.42）%。钢中含碳量决定淬火钢的基体硬度，按钢中含碳量与淬火钢硬度的关系曲线可以知道,H13钢的淬火硬度在55HRC左右。对工具钢而言，钢中的碳一部分进入钢的基体中引起固溶强化。另外一部分碳将和合金元素中的碳化物形成元素结合成合金碳化物。对热作模具钢,这种合金碳化物除少量残留的以外，还要求它在回火过程中在淬火马氏体基体上弥散析出产生两次硬化现象。从而由均匀分布的残留合金碳化合物和回火马氏体的组织来决定热作模具钢的性能。由此可见，钢中的含C量不能太低。含5%Cr的4Cr5MoSiV1钢应具有高的韧度，故其含C量应保持在形成少量合金C化物的水平上。Woodyatt 和Krauss指出在870℃的Fe-Cr-C三元相图上,H13钢的位置在奥氏体A和（A+M3C+M7C3）三相区的交界位置处较好。相应的含C量约0.4%。图上还标出增加C或Cr量使M7C3量增多,具有更高耐磨性能的A2和D2钢以作比较。另外重要的是,保持相对较低的含C量是使钢的Ms点取于相对较高的温度水平(H13钢的Ms一般资料介绍为340℃左右)，使该钢在淬冷至室温时获得以马氏体为主加少量残余A和残留均匀分布的合金C化物组织，并经回火后获得均匀的回火马氏体组织。避免使过多残余奥氏体在工作温度下发生转变影响工件的工作性能或变形。这些少量残余奥氏体在淬火以后的两次或三次回火过程中应予以转变完全。这儿顺便指出，H13钢淬火后得到的马氏体组织为板条M+少量片状M+少量残余A。经回火后在板条状M上析出的很细的合金碳化物，国内学者也作了一定工作。众所周知，钢中增加碳含量将提高钢的强度，对热作模具钢而言，会使高温强度、热态硬度和耐磨损性提高，但会导致其韧度的降低。学者在工具钢产品手册文献中将各类H型钢的性能比较很明显证明了这个观点。通常认为导致钢塑性和韧度降低的含碳量界限为0.4%。为此要求人们在钢合金化设计时遵循下述原则:在保持强度前提下要尽可能降低钢的含碳量,有资料已提出:在钢抗拉强度达1550MPa以上时,含C量在0.3%-0.4%为宜。H13钢的强度Rm，有文献介绍为1503.1MPa(46HRC时)和1937.5MPa(51HRC时)。查阅FORD和GM公司资料推荐的TQ-1、Dievar和ADC3等钢中的含C量都为0.39%和0.38%等，相应的韧度指标等列于表1，其理由可由此管窥所及。对要求更高强度的热作模具钢，采用的方法是在H13钢成分的基础上提高Mo含量或提高含碳量，这将在后面还会论及，当然韧度和塑性的略为降低是可以预料的。2.2 铬： 铬是合金工具钢中最普遍含有的和价廉的合金元素。在美国H型热作模具钢中含Cr量在2%~12%范围。在我国合金工具钢（GB/T1299）的37个钢号中,除8CrSi和9Mn2V外都含有Cr。铬对钢的耐磨损性、高温强度、热态硬度、韧度和淬透性都有有利的影响，同时它溶入基体中会显著改善钢的耐蚀性能，在H13钢中含Cr和Si会使氧化膜致密来提高钢的抗氧化性。再则以Cr对0.3C-1Mn钢回火性能的作用来分析，加入﹤6% Cr对提高钢回火抗力是有利的，但未能构成二次硬化；当含Cr﹥6%的钢淬火后在550℃回火会出现二次硬化效应。人们对热作钢模具钢一般选5%铬的加入量。工具钢中的铬一部分溶入钢中起固溶强化作用，另一部分与碳结合,按含铬量高低以(FeCr)3C、(FeCr)7C3和M23C6形式存在，从而来影响钢的性能。另外还要考虑合金元素的交互作用影响，如当钢中含铬、钼和钒时，Cr＞ 3%^[14]时，Cr能阻止V4C3的生成和推迟Mo2C的共格析出，V4C3和Mo2C是提高钢材的高温强度和抗回火性的强化相^[14]，这种交互作用提高该钢耐热变形性能。铬溶入钢奥氏体中增加钢的淬透性。Cr﹑Mn﹑Mo﹑Si﹑Ni都与Cr一样是增加钢淬透性的合金元素。人们习惯用淬透性因子加以表征,一般国内现有资料[15]还只应用Grossmann等的资料,后来Moser和Legat[16,22]的更进一步工作提出由含C量和奥氏体晶粒度决定基本淬透性直径Dic和合金元素含量确定的淬透性因子(示于图3中)来计算合金钢的理想临界直径Di,也可从下式作近似计算:Di=Dic×2.21Mn×1.40Si×2.13Cr×3.275Mo×1.47Ni (1)(1)式中各合金元素以质量百分数表示。由该式，人们对Cr﹑Mn﹑Mo﹑Si和Ni元素影响钢淬透性有相当明确的半定量了解。Cr对钢共析点的影响，它和Mn大致相似，在约5%的含铬量时，共析点的含C量降到0.5%左右。另外Si﹑W﹑Mo﹑V﹑Ti的加入更显著降低共析点含C量。为此可以知道：热作模具钢和高速钢一样属于过共析钢。共析含C量的降低，将增加奥氏体化后组织中和最后组织中的合金碳化物含量。钢中合金C化物的行为与其自身的稳定性有关，实际上，合金C化物的结构、稳定性与相应C化物形成元素的d电子壳层和S电子壳层的电子欠缺程度相关[17]。随着电子欠缺程度下降，金属原子半径随之减小，碳和金属元素的原子半径比rc/rm增加，合金C化物由间隙相向间隙化合物变化，C化物的稳定性减弱，其相应熔化温度和在A中溶解温度降低，其生成自由能的绝对值减小，相应的硬度值下降。具有面心立方点阵的VC碳化物，稳定性高，约在900~950℃温度开始溶解，在1100℃以上开始大量溶解（溶解终结温度为1413℃）[17]；它在500~700℃回火过程中析出，不易聚集长大，能作为钢中强化相。中等碳化物形成元素W 、Mo形成的M2C和MC 碳化物具有密排和简单六方点阵，它们的稳定性较差些，亦具较高的硬度、熔点和溶解温度，仍可作为在500~650℃范围使用钢的强化相。M23C6(如Cr23C6等)具有复杂立方点阵，稳定性更差，结合强度较弱，熔点和溶解温度较低（在1090℃溶入A中），只有在少数耐热钢中经综合合金化后才有较高稳定性（如（CrFeMoW）23C6）,可作为强化相。具有复杂六方结构的M7C3(如Cr7C3、 Fe4Cr3C3或Fe2Cr5C3)的稳定性更差，它和Fe3C类碳化物一样很易溶解和析出，具有较大的聚集长大速度，一般不能作为高温强化相[17]。我们仍从Fe-Cr-C三元相图可以简便了解H13钢中的合金碳化物相。按Fe-Cr-C系700℃[18~20]和870℃[9]三元等温截面的相图,对含0.4%C钢中,随Cr量增加会出现（FeCr）3C（M3C）和（CrFe）7C3(M7C3)型合金碳化物。注意在870℃图上,只有含Cr量大于11%才会出现（M23C6）。另外根据Fe-Cr-C三元系在5%Cr时的垂直截面,对含0.40%C的钢在退火状态下为α相（约固溶1%Cr）和（CrFe）7C3合金C化物。当加热至791℃以上形成奥氏体A和进入（α+A+M7C3）三相区,在795℃左右进入（A+M7C3）两相区,约在970℃时,（CrFe）7C3消失,进入单相A区。当基体含C量﹤0.33%时,在793℃左右才存在（M7C3+M23C6和A）的三相区,在796℃进入（A+M7C3）区（0.30%C时），以后一直保持到液相。钢中残留的M7C3有阻止A晶粒长大的作用。Nilson提出，对1.5%C-13%Cr的成分合金，欠稳定（CrFe）23C6不形成[20]。当然,单以Fe-Cr-C三元系分析会有一些偏差,要考虑加入合金元素的影响。4Cr5MoSiV1回火温度/℃室温540-σ-1/ΜPa730510σ-1k670370-表 3-1-1 4Cr5MoSiV1钢推荐的回火规范回火目的回火温度/℃加热设备冷却回火硬度（HRC）清除应力和降低硬度560～580熔融盐浴或空气炉空气47～49①通常用两次回火、第二次回火温度应比第一次低20℃。表3-1-2 4Cr5MoSiV1钢推荐的表面处理规范工艺温度/℃时间/h介质扩散层-深度/mm显微硬度（HV）----氰化氰化氮化560580530～5502812～2050%KCN+50%NCN天然气+氨氨，α=30%～60%0.040.25～0.300.15～0.20690～640860～635760～550新手上路成长任务编辑入门编辑规则本人编辑我有疑问内容质疑在线客服官方贴吧意见反馈投诉建议举报不良信息未通过词条申诉投诉侵权信息封禁查询与解封©2025 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 百科协议 | 隐私政策 | 百度百科合作平台 | 京ICP证030173号 京公网安备11000002000001号window.PAGE_DATA= 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4cr5mosiv1 特性及用途：系引进美国的H13空淬硬化热作模具钢。其性能、用途和4Cr5MoSiV钢基本相同，但因其钒含量高一些，故中温（600度）性能比4Cr5MoSiV钢要好，是热作模具钢中用途很广泛的一种代表性钢号。4Cr5MoSiV1合金工具钢简称合工钢，是在碳工钢的基础上加入合金元素而形成的钢种。其中合工钢包括：量具刃具用钢、耐冲击工具用钢、冷作模具钢、热作模具钢、无磁模具钢、塑料模具钢。4Cr5MoSiV1是热作模具钢,，执行标准GB/T1299—2000。统一数字代号A20502；牌号4Cr5MoSiV1；4Cr5MoSiV1化学成分%：碳 C ：0.32～0.45硅 Si：0.80～1.20锰 Mn：0.20～0.50硫 S ：≤0.030磷 P ：≤0.030铬 Cr：4.75～5.50镍 Ni：允许残余含量≤0.25铜 Cu：允许残余含量≤0.30钒 V ：0.80～1.20钼 Mo：1.10～1.75性能●物理性能：其密度为7.8t/m3；弹性模量E为210000MPa。4Cr5MoSiV1钢的临界温度临界点 温度（近似值）/℃Ac1 860Ac3 915Ar1 775Ar3 815Ms 340Mf 2154Cr5MoSiV1钢的线（膨）胀系数温度/℃ 线（膨）胀系数/℃-120～100 9.1×10-620～200 10.3×10-620～300 11.5×10-620～400 12.2×10-620～500 12.8×10-620～600 13.2×10-620～700 13.5×10-64Cr5MoSiV1钢的热导率温度/℃ 热导率λ/W·(m·K)-125 32.2650 28.8●力学性能：硬度：退火≤235HB，压痕直径≥3.95mm热处理工艺热处理：（交货状态：布氏硬度HBW10/3000（小于等于235）），淬火：790度+-15度预热，1000度（盐浴）或1010度（炉控气氛）+-6度加热，保温5~15min空冷，550度+-6度回火；退火、热加工；交货状态：钢材以退火状态交货。