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权威合作
个人中心6063铝合金播报讨论上传视频金属材料收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10同义词6063铝板（广泛用于建筑铝门窗、幕墙的高工业型材）一般指6063铝合金6063铝合金是以镁和硅为主要合金元素的变形铝合金 [1]，镁含量0.45%-0.9%，硅含量0.2%-0.6% [2]。6×××系铝合金（Al-Mg-Si）是最重要的挤压合金，截至2022年，全世界有70%以上的铝挤压加工材是用该系合金生产的。经过几十年的实践应用和筛选，6063和其它三种合金一起占据了6×××系合金的统治地位（80%以上），它们涵盖了抗拉强度σb从180MPa至360MPa整个范围的所有合金。 [3]6063铝合金是6×××系合金（Al-Mg-Si）中典型代表，具有特别优良的可挤压性和可焊接性，是建筑门窗型材的首选材料。它的特点是在压力加工温度-速度条件下，塑性性能和抗蚀性高；没有应力腐蚀倾向；在焊接时，其抗蚀性实际上不降低。除用作门窗、幕墙等建筑型材外，6063铝合金的典型用途还有灌溉管材，供车辆、台架、家具、栅栏等用的挤压材料，以及飞机、船舶、轻工业部门、建筑物等用的不同颜色的装饰构件等。 [3]此外，在电子工业中，6063铝合金还被用于制造天线、波导管等通信设施。 [4]中文名6063铝合金
用    途建筑铝门窗、幕墙的框架
组    成AL-Mg-Si
类    型材料

目录
1材料简介2性能影响3含量选择4控制范围5化学成分6力学性能7表面腐蚀现象8现货规格
材料简介
播报编辑为了保证门窗、幕墙具有高的抗风压性能、装配性能、耐蚀性能和装饰性能，对铝合金型材综合性能的要求远远高于工业型材标准。 在国家标准GB/T3190中规定的6063铝合金成分范围内，对化学成分的取值不同，会得到不同的材质特性，当化学成分的范围很大时，其性能差异会在很大范围内波动，以致型材的综合性能会无法控制。6063铝合金的化学成分成为生产优质铝合金建筑型材的最重要的一环。
性能影响
播报编辑6063铝合金是AL-Mg-Si系中具有中等强度的可热处理强化合金，Mg和Si是主要合金元素，优选化学成分的主要工作是确定Mg和Si的百分含量(质量分数，下同)。Mg的作用和影响 Mg和Si组成强化相Mg2Si，Mg的含量愈高，Mg2Si的数量就愈多，热处理强化效果就愈大，型材的抗拉强度就愈高，但变形抗力也随之增大，合金的塑性下降，加工性能变坏，耐蚀性变坏。Si的作用和影响 Si的数量应使合金中所有的Mg都能以Mg2Si相的形式存在，以确保Mg的作用得到充分的发挥。随着Si含量增加，合金的晶粒变细，金属流动性增大，铸造性能变好，热处理强化效果增加，型材的抗拉强度提高而塑性降低，耐蚀性变坏。
含量选择
播报编辑Mg2Si量的确定1Mg2Si相在合金中的作用 Mg2Si在合金中能随着温度的变化而溶解或析出，并以不同的形态存在于合金中： (1)弥散相β’’固溶体中析出的Mg2Si相弥散质点，是一种不稳定相，会随温度的升高而长大。 (2)过渡相β’ 是β’’由长大而成的中间亚稳定相，也会随温度的升高而长大。 (3)沉淀相β是由β’ 相长大而成的稳定相，多聚集于晶界和枝晶界。 能起强化作用Mg2Si相是当其处于β’’弥散相状态的时候，将β相变成β’’相的过程就是强化过程，反之则是软化过程。Mg2Si量的选择 6063铝合金的热处理强化效果是随着Mg2Si量的增加而增大。当Mg2Si的量在0．71%～1．03%范围内时，其抗拉强度随Mg2Si量的增加近似线性的提高，但变形抗力也跟着提高，加工变得困难。但Mg2Si量小于0．72%时，对于挤压系数偏小(小于或等于30)的制品，抗拉强度值有达不到标准要求的危险。当Mg2Si量超过0.9%时，合金的塑性有降低趋势。 GB/T5237．1—2000标准中要求6063铝合金T5状态型材的σb≥160MPa，T6状态型材σb≥205MPa，实践证明．该合金的抗拉强度最高可达到260MPa。但大批量生产的影响因素很多，不可能确保都达到这么高。综合的考虑，型材既要强度高，能确保产品符合标准要求，又要使合金易于挤压，有利于提高生产效率。设计合金强度时，对于T5状态交货的型材，取200MPa为设计值。从图1可知，抗拉强度在200MPa左右时，Mg2Si量大约为0．8%，而对于T6状态的型材，取抗拉强度设计值为230 MPa，此时Mg2Si量就提高到0．95%。Mg含量的确定 Mg2Si的量一经确定，Mg含量可按下式计算： Mg%=（1.73×Mg2Si%）/2.73Si含量的确定 Si的含量必须满足所有Mg都形成Mg2Si的要求。由于Mg2Si中Mg和Si的相对原子质量之比为Mg/Si=1．73 ，所以基本Si量为Si基=Mg/1．73。 但是实践证明，若按Si基进行配料时，生产出来的合金其抗拉强度往往偏低而不合格。显然是合金中Mg2Si数量不足所致。原因是合金中的Fe、Mn等杂质元素抢夺了Si，例如Fe可以与Si形成ALFeSi化合物。所以，合金中必须要有过剩的Si以补充Si的损失。合金中有过剩的Si还会对提高抗拉强度起补充作用。合金抗拉强度的提高是Mg2Si和过剩Si贡献之和。当合金中Fe含量偏高时，Si还能降低Fe的不利影响。但是由于Si会降低合金的塑性和耐蚀性，所以Si过应有合理的控制。某厂根据实际经验认为过剩Si量选择在0．09% ～0．13%范围内是比较好的。 合金中Si含量应是：Si%=(Si基+Si过)%
控制范围
播报编辑Mg的控制范围 Mg是易燃金属，熔炼操作时会有烧损。在确定Mg的控制范围时要考虑烧损所带来的误差，但不能放得太宽，以免合金性能失控。根据经验和本厂配料、熔炼和化验水平，将Mg的波动范围控制在0．04%之内，T5型材取0．47%～0．50%，T6型材取0．57%～0．60%。Si的控制范围 当Mg的范围确定后，Si的控制范围可用Mg/Si比来确定。因为该厂控制Si过为0．09%～0．13%，所以Mg/Si应控制在1．18～1．32之间。6063铝合金T5和T6状态型材化学成分的选择范围。若要变更合金成分时，比如想将Mg2Si量增加到0．95%，以便有利于生产T6型材时，可沿过Si上下限区间将Mg上移至0．6%左右的位置即可。此时Si约为0．46%，Si过为0．11%，Mg/Si为1．根据某厂的经验，在6063铝合金型材中Mg2Si量控制在0．75%～0．80%范围内，已完全能够满足力学性能的要求。在正常挤压系数(大于或等于30)的情况下，型材的抗拉强度都处在200～240 MPa范围内。而这样控制合金，不仅材料塑性好，易于挤压，耐蚀性高和表面处理性能好，而且可节约合金元素。但是还应特别注意对杂质Fe进行严格控制。若Fe含量过高，会使挤压力增大，挤压材表面质量变差，阳极氧化色差增大，颜色灰暗而无光泽，Fe还降低合金的塑性和耐蚀性。实践证明，将Fe含量控制在0．15%～0．25%范围内是比较理想的。
化学成分
播报编辑硅Si：0.20-0.6铁Fe: 0.35铜Cu：0.10锰Mn：0.10镁Mg：0.45-0.9铬Cr：0.10锌Zn：0.10钛Ti：0.10铝Al：余量其他：单个：0.05 合计：0.15
力学性能
播报编辑力学性能：抗拉强度 σb (MPa)：≥205伸长应力 σp0.2 (MPa)：≥170伸长率 δ5 (%)：≥7注 ：棒材室温纵向力学性能试样尺寸：直径≤12.5
表面腐蚀现象
播报编辑硅引起6063铝合金型材腐蚀的行为完全是可以预防和控制的，只要对原材料的进货、合金成分进行有效控制，保证镁、硅比例在1.3～1.7范围内，并且对各工序的参数进行严格控制，避免硅产生偏析和游离，尽量使硅和镁形成有益的Mg2Si强化相。如果发现有这种硅腐蚀点现象，在表面处理时就应该特别注意，在脱脂除油过程中，尽量使用弱碱性槽液，如果条件不允许，也应该在酸性除油液中浸泡的时间尽量缩短(合格的铝合金型材在酸性脱脂液中放20～30min无问题，而有问题的型材上只能放置1～3min)，而且以后的洗水pH值要高一些(<pH>4，控制Cl-含量)，在碱腐蚀过程中尽量延长腐蚀时间，在中和出光时要使用硝酸出光液，在硫酸阳极氧化时应尽快通电氧化处理，这样，由硅引起的暗灰色腐蚀点就不明显，可满足使用要求。
现货规格
播报编辑6063板材现货规格：0.3mm-350mm(厚度)6063棒材现货规格：3.0mm-500mm(直径)6063线材现货规格：0.1mm-20mm(线径)新手上路成长任务编辑入门编辑规则本人编辑我有疑问内容质疑在线客服官方贴吧意见反馈投诉建议举报不良信息未通过词条申诉投诉侵权信息封禁查询与解封©2025 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 百科协议 | 隐私政策 | 百度百科合作平台 | 京ICP证030173号 京公网安备11000002000001号window.PAGE_DATA= 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 ss400是日本钢材的一种标示方式，其实也就是国内的Q235号钢。 是一种钢材的材质。Q代表的是这种材质的屈服度，后面的235，就是指这种材质的屈服值，在235左右。并会随着材质的厚度的增加而使其屈服值减小。由于含碳适中，综合性能较好，强度、塑性和焊接等性能得到较好配合，用途最广泛。常轧制成盘条或圆钢、方钢、扁钢、角钢、工字钢、槽钢、窗框钢等型钢，中厚钢板。大量应用于建筑及工程结构。用以制作钢筋或建造厂房房架、高压输电铁塔、桥梁、车辆、锅 炉、容器、船舶等，也大量用作对性能要求不太高的机械零件。C、D级钢还可作某些专 业用钢使用。ss400 5*1500*600 6*1500*600 8*1500*6000 10*1500*6000 12*1800*8000 14*1800*8000 16*1800*8000 18*1800*8000 20*1800*8000 22*1800*8000 25*2000*8000 30*2200*8750 35*2400*8650 40*2450*8600sm400a 3*1500*6000 4*1500*6000 5*1500/6000 6*1500*6000 8*1500*6000 10*1500*6000 10*1800*6000 12*1800*6000 14*2200*8000 16*2200*8000 18*2200*8000 20*2200*9000 22*2200*8500 24*2380*8000 56*2450*9800