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个人中心播报讨论上传视频一种镍基耐腐蚀合金收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10同义词HastelloyB-2（HastelloyB-2）一般指本词条由“科普中国”科学百科词条编写与应用工作项目 审核 。是一种镍基耐腐蚀合金，主要分成镍-铬合金与镍铬钼合金两大类。具有良好的抗腐蚀性和热稳定性，多用于航空事业，化学领域等。中文名
外文名Hartz alloy
类    型合金
特    点具有抗腐蚀性和热稳定性
应用领域用于航空事业，化学领域等

目录
1简介▪美国公司▪定义2用途3特性4国内现状5力学性能6分类
简介
播报编辑是一种镍基耐腐蚀合金，主要分成镍-铬合金与镍铬钼合金两大类。具有良好的抗腐蚀性和热稳定性，多用于航空事业，化学领域等。美国公司公司前身的Haynes Stellite Work （哈茨钴铬钨工厂）于1921年创立于美国印地安那州 Kokomo，距今已有92年历史，在九十余年经历的生产和研究中不断创新与发明，从而在高合金领域稳居世界首位。Haynes国际公司注重产品的生产和开发。主要从事高质量的耐腐和耐高温镍-钴合金的开发和生产。公司的专家技术人员在全球范围内提供进一步的客户服务和技术支持。Haynes公司的服务中心及分支机构能为客户及时提供板材、棒材、管材、锻件、法兰和连接件等 [1]。定义(Hastelloy alloy)就是美国国际公司所生产的镍基耐蚀合金的商业牌号的统称。包括镍钼系哈斯特洛伊(Hastelloy)B-2，镍铬钼系哈斯特洛伊(Hastelloy)C-4等。牌号包括以下几个牌号：HASTELLOY B-2 镍钼合金，在还原性环境中有优异的耐腐蚀性HASTELLOY B-3 B-2的升级版，对任何温度和浓度的盐酸都有极好的耐腐蚀性。HASTELLOY C-4 较好的热稳定性，650-1040摄氏度有较好的韧性和耐腐蚀性能。HASTELLOY C-22 在氧化介质中耐均匀腐蚀能力比C-4和C-276好，耐局部腐蚀能力优异HASTELLOY C-276 对氧化性和中等还原性腐蚀有较好的抵抗能力，优异的抗应力腐蚀能力。HASTELLOY C-2000 性能最全面的耐蚀合金，在氧化和还原环境中均具有优秀的耐均匀腐蚀能力。HASTELLOY G-35 G-30的升级产品，耐腐蚀和热稳定性更佳优异HASTELLOY G-30 高铬含量镍基合金，在磷酸及其他强氧化性混合酸介质中表现优异。HASTELLOY X 综合高强度，抗氧化和易加工；以上每个牌号都有具体的化学成分，机械性能，各有所长，不能一概而论说有什么特性。
用途
播报编辑板适用于各种含有氧化和还原性介质的化学工业。较高的钼、铬含量使合金能够耐氯离子腐蚀，钨元素进一步提高了耐蚀性。同时C-276管是仅有的几种耐潮湿氯气、次氯酸盐及二氧化氯溶液腐蚀的材料之一，对高浓度的氯化盐溶液如氯化铁和氯化铜有显著的耐蚀性。应用领域、热交换器、波纹管补偿器、化工设备、烟气脱硫脱硝、造纸工业、航天应用、酸性环境 [1]。
特性
播报编辑①在氧化和还原两氛围状态中，对大多数腐蚀介质具有优异的耐腐蚀性能。管②有出色的耐点蚀、缝隙腐蚀和应力开裂腐蚀性能。
国内现状
播报编辑在国内应用已经很广泛，世界各大钢厂也纷纷在中国设立了办事处等机构，以便更好的为国内市场服务。国内备货现状：管材、板材，焊材，锻件而且国内也成长了一批加工厂，可加工配件等产品。如Hastelloy C276、Hastelloy B-2等以及Monel 400、纯镍、Inconel600、NS337等耐蚀合金；铸件材料执行ASTM标准，权威第三方：国家钢铁材料测试中心提供成分与性能检测报告 [1]。
力学性能
播报编辑1、来自Hastelloy，始于哈氏B合金，应用于航空器的火箭喷嘴；随后的哈氏C合金在化工工业，石油化工，核能源工业及制药行业得到应用与推广；紧接着的哈氏X合金表现出了极好的耐高温性能，伴随着喷气式飞机工业的急速增长。2、由于早期的B,C,以及X合金需要焊接后固溶处理，否则，焊接热影响区的耐腐蚀性能会大大降低；所以上述合金已经逐渐被改进或不再使用；3、影响上述材料焊接性能的关键原因在于C,Si含量，由于精炼技术的出现与提高，焊接方面的问题得以改善，于是出现很多正在推广使用的改进型的哈氏B系列，哈氏C系列合金等，非常遗憾的是很多的生产与推广单位反而将前期的取代后来改进的，不仅不降低C,Si含量，反而回到以前高Si,高C含量上；特殊钢事业的推广任重道远。4、耐还原性介质的哈氏B系列合金在哈氏B牌号的基础上进行改进，改进的侧重点包括极低的C,Si含量改善焊接区域的性能，进一步合金化思路，纯净化钢水思路的应用等，这样B系列出现哈氏B-2,哈氏B-3,哈氏B-4合金；其中哈氏B-2合金一定程度上解决了焊接区域性能问题；哈氏B-3解决了哈氏B-2容易析出Ni-Mo沉淀硬化的缺点，极大的改善了热加工与冷加工性能。5、还原性环境应用材料哈氏B系列改进过程中；在氧化还原复合环境中的哈氏C系列合金也在持续改进，其中哈氏C276合金由于更低的C,Si含量而一定程度上改进了焊接区域性能问题，但是仍旧不太满意，加上加工性能没能加大改善；而哈氏C22材料较彻底解决了焊接区域的耐腐蚀问题，加工性能问题，更主要是在材料成本不提高的基础上解决的，所以哈氏C22材料是哈氏C系列中性价比最高的材料，以后必将更大批量的应用；而新近开发的哈氏C2000材料在合金中加入了Cu,这拓展了哈氏C合金在还原性环境中的腐蚀能力，为更安全的使用，为更高的设备寿命要求，新工艺试制场合提供了可能。是超低碳型，Ni、Mo、Cr系列镍基、耐蚀、耐高温材料(Hastelloy),因它具有极好的耐高温性能，抗氧化性，焊缝影响区耐腐蚀性，具有很好的长期热稳定性及可加工性，在农业化工、核设施、生物制药等苛刻工业环境中被应用。它在湿氧、亚硫酸、醋酸、甲酸和强氧化盐的介质中，也具有优异的耐蚀性、耐均匀腐蚀性及耐晶间腐蚀性，因此在化学工业也被广泛应用，合哈氏金的导电率和导热系数要比低碳钢低得多，而电阻率和膨胀率都比低碳钢高得多，熔池流动性差，润湿性差，穿透力小，熔深浅。
分类
播报编辑(Hastelloyalloy)主要分为B、C、G三个系列，它主要用于铁基Cr-Ni或Cr-Ni-Mo不锈钢、非金属材料等无法使用的强腐蚀性介质场合。牌号为改善的耐蚀性能和冷、热加工性能，先后进行了三次重大改进，其发展过程如下：B系列：B→B-2(00Ni70Mo28)→B-3C系列：C→C-276(00Cr16Mo16W4)→C-4(00Cr16Mo16)→C-22(00Cr22Mo13W3)→C-2000(00Cr20Mo16)G系列：G→G-3（00Cr22Ni48Mo7Cu）→G-30(00Cr30Ni48Mo7Cu)使用最广泛的是第二代材料N10665(B-2)、N10276(C-276)、N06022(C-22)、N06455(C-4)和N06985(G-3) [1]。新手上路成长任务编辑入门编辑规则本人编辑我有疑问内容质疑在线客服官方贴吧意见反馈投诉建议举报不良信息未通过词条申诉投诉侵权信息封禁查询与解封©2025 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 百科协议 | 隐私政策 | 百度百科合作平台 | 京ICP证030173号 京公网安备11000002000001号window.PAGE_DATA= 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5.优秀的耐各种有机酸腐蚀的能力HastelloyB-2条件应力值在允许变形量略大的应用中，可以选择相应温度下达90%屈服强度值的较大的条件应力值。由于永久性的应变发生，这些应力会导致尺寸的变化，因此建议不要用于法兰和密封连接件。 HastelloyB-2金相结构 HastelloyB-2为面心立方晶格结构。通过控制铁和铬含量在***小值，降低了加工脆性，阻止了在700-870℃见Ni4Mo相的析出。 HastelloyB-2耐腐蚀性镍钼合金B-2的碳、硅含量极低，降低了焊接热影响区碳和其它杂质相的析出，因此其焊缝也具有足够的抗腐蚀性。 合金B-2在还原性介质中具有很好的抗腐蚀性，如各种温度和浓度的盐酸溶液。在中等浓度的硫酸溶液（或者含有一定量的氯离子）中也具有很好的抗腐蚀性。同时也能用于醋酸和磷酸环境。合金材料只有在适宜的金相状态和纯净的晶体结构时才能具有良好的耐腐蚀性。 新开发的Hastelloy B-4与Hastelloy B-2相比，除了具有相同的抗一般腐蚀和晶间腐蚀性能外，进一步提高了抗应力腐蚀开裂的性能，同时抗敏化性也提高了。HastelloyB-2应用范围HastelloyB-2在化学、石化、能源制造和污染控制领域中有着广泛的应用，尤其是在硫酸、盐酸、磷酸、醋酸等工业中。若应用于特殊领域，请咨询材料供应商。     HastelloyB-2加工和热处理HastelloyB-2加热在热处理之前及热处理过程中应始终保持工件清洁和无污染，这一点非常重要。在加热过程中不能接触硫、磷、铅及其它低熔点金属，否则会损害合金的性能，使Hastelloy B-2变脆。应注意清除诸如标记漆、温度指示漆、彩色蜡笔、粉笔、润滑油、各种液体及油污、燃料等污渍。燃料中的含硫量越低越好，天然气和液化石油气中的硫的总含量应少于0.1%，城市煤气中硫的含量***多不超过0.25g/m3，燃油中硫含量应少于0.5%。炉气必须洁净并以微还原性为宜，应避免炉气在氧化性和还原性之间波动，加热火焰不能直接烧向工件。应尽量快地加热至要求的温度。HastelloyB-2热加工 HastelloyB-2的热加工温度范围1160℃～900℃，冷却方式为水淬。为保证优秀的防腐性能，热加工后应进行退火。热加工时，工件应直接加入已升温的热处理炉。HastelloyB-2冷加工冷加工需在固溶退火态进行。HastelloyB-2的加工硬化率大于奥氏体不锈钢，因此需要对加工设备进行相应调整。在冷加工过程中应有中间退火。若冷轧变形量大于15%，则在使用前需要对工件进行固溶处理。HastelloyB-2热处理 HastelloyB-2的固溶处理温度范围是1060℃～1080℃。对于厚度大于1.5mm的材料推荐采用冷却方式为水淬或快速空冷以保证良好的耐腐蚀性能。在所有热处理过程中，应注意遵守前述的必须保持工件清洁的事项。HastelloyB-2去氧化物：HastelloyB-2的表面氧化物、氧化色和焊缝周围的焊渣的附着性比不锈钢强，推荐使用细晶砂带或细晶砂轮进行打磨。酸洗前，用喷砂处理或小心打磨把氧化物打碎。使用HNO3/HF混合酸进行适当的时间和温度酸洗。由于合金对氧化介质的敏感性，合金的重量可能会损失，并且伴随较多的含氮气体生成。 HastelloyB-2机加工HastelloyB-2应在退火之后进行机加工，由于材料的加工硬化率较高，因此宜采用比加工低合金标准奥氏体不锈钢低的切削速度和重进刀进行加工，才能切入冷作硬化的表层下面。HastelloyB-2焊接 HastelloyB-2能采用钨电极保护气体焊（GTAW/TIG）或者在特定环境下采用气体保护电弧焊(SMAW/MMA)。待焊接的材料应为退火态，去除氧化皮、油污和各种标记印痕，焊缝两边母材的宽约25mm 的区域必须打磨至光亮金属。HastelloyB-2的热导率低于钢铁，采用单V-型焊接接口时，角度应为70°，并采用低热量输入，层间温度不超过120℃。氧化色可以在焊缝还热的时候刷除。有些应用中需要焊后热处理来消除残余应力，提高抗应力腐蚀开裂性能。为得到优秀的耐腐蚀性能，推荐采用氩弧焊，即钨电极惰性气体保护焊GTAW。 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