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个人中心收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10播报讨论上传视频奥氏体金相组织同义词4j29（合金类型）一般指本词条由“科普中国”科学百科词条编写与应用工作项目 审核 。是奥氏体金相组织，它在很宽的温度范围内（-80-450℃）其热膨胀性与一些高硅硼玻璃和高Al2O3,陶瓷的热膨胀性比较吻合匹配，因而被广泛地用来制作高真空玻璃一金属气密封接器件，由于它有良好的封接、焊接和加工性能，在电真空工业中用于高频功率管、整流管、X射线管的底座和引出线等。但是的导电性和导热性差，它的导热系数约为一般不锈钢的一半。中文名
外文名Kovar
学    科冶金工程
领    域冶炼
类    型奥氏体金相组织
应    用电真空元件，发射管等

目录
1定义2复合材料3应用4电镀层
定义
播报编辑来制作电子元件的外引线时常用的镀层进行保护。但是这种外引线易发生应力腐蚀断裂，在镀层存在缺陷时，镀金，镀镍层均促进的应用力腐蚀开裂，其断裂机理为氢开裂，减少镀层缺陷可大大减少外引起的应力腐蚀断裂。该合金在20~450℃范围内具有与硬玻璃相近的线膨胀系数和相应的硬玻璃能进行有效封接匹配，和较高的居里点以及良好的低温组织稳定性，合金的氧化膜致密，容易焊接和熔接，有良好可塑性，可切削加工，广泛用于制作电真空元件，发射管，显像管，开关管，晶体管以及密封插头和继电器外壳等 [1]。
复合材料
播报编辑与无氧铜复合材料，尽管两者膨胀系数差异很大，但如果芯材无氧铜占总体积18%左右，则膨胀行为主要受外层主宰，铜芯对复合线总体积膨胀性能影响不大。这种复合材料外皮可与玻璃、陶瓷的热膨胀性相匹配，芯材用具有高导电、高导热的无氧铜制成，具有高塑性的无氧铜可减弱对所受的应力，这样可大大地改善封接性能，提高温度变化的适应性和可靠性。与铜复合材料的导热系数是各向异性的，当热流方向与轴向相平行时，相当于一个并联“电路”。这时复合线内外层具有相同的温度梯度，大部分热流则通过导热系数高的内层。这种复合材的导热系数和导电率比提高4-5倍，甚至比铂金属的导热系数还好，克服了单一的导热和导电性差的缺点。这种复合材料兼有和无氧铜的优点，而且有高的气密性，是电真空工业中理想的封接材料 [2]。
应用
播报编辑冶金产品已广泛用于汽车、摩托车、内燃机车、飞机、石油钻井机械、化纤纺织机械、手表、医疗器械、军工等领域。为客户解决了材料性能、制造工艺等许多方面的难题，产品深受广大用户欢迎。由于导电和导热性不好，使电真空管输出功率受到限制。随着现代技术的飞跃发展，继电器产品的不断更新换代，小型化、大功率（通过50-200A）玻瑞密封用的接线柱（全封闭压缩机的重要元件之一）材料的需求量必将日益增多。要获得具有专门性能的材料是非常重要的，用一种金属或合金往往不能满足所需要的性能，生产小型、大功率密封继电器的厂家是用定膨胀合金与无氧铜芯通过焊接办法实现的。但这种方法工艺复杂，气密性、玻璃封接后的电性能都难以保证产品要求。在这种情况下，研制了用无氧铜作芯材外覆的复合材料，复合后的与无氧铜复合材料的线膨胀系数与相近，这不仅保持了的优点，而且大大提高了导热和导电性能，使管子输出功率大大提高。经过真空技术研究所的测定和生产继电器厂家的试用，证明这种复合材料已达到较高的水平，它是一种新型的电真空密封材料，具有高的气密性、高导电和高导热的综合性能，将成为电真空工业中的重要封接材料之一 [3]。
电镀层
播报编辑在现代电子工业中被大量用于半导体器件及集成电路的制造等方面。作为外引线，为了防止腐蚀的发生及保证可焊性，通常采用镀层作为保护，大大减少了外引线的均匀腐蚀。但随着电子工业的发展，晶体管引线脆断现象（断腿）在国内外时常发生。这种断裂隐蔽性大。导致整机的可靠性大大降低，因此危害很大。对引线断裂的研究发现：电镀层质量对断裂的发生有着决定性的影响 [1]。新手上路成长任务编辑入门编辑规则本人编辑我有疑问内容质疑在线客服官方贴吧意见反馈投诉建议举报不良信息未通过词条申诉投诉侵权信息封禁查询与解封©2025 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 百科协议 | 隐私政策 | 百度百科合作平台 | 京ICP证030173号 京公网安备11000002000001号window.PAGE_DATA= 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4J294J29合金又称可伐(Kovar)合金。该合金在20～450℃具有与硅硼硬玻璃相近的线膨胀系数，居里点较高，并有良好的低温组织稳定性。合金的氧化膜致密，能很好地被玻璃浸润。且不与汞作用，适合在含汞放电的仪表中使用。是电真空器件主要密封结构材料。应用概况与特殊要求      该合金是国际通用的典型的Fe-Ni-Co硬玻璃封接合金。经航空工厂长期使用，性能稳定。主要用于电真空元器件如发射管、振荡管、引燃管、磁控管、晶体管、密封插头、继电器、集成电路的引出线、底盘、外壳、支架等的玻璃封接。在应用中应使选用的玻璃与合金的膨胀系数相匹配。根据使用温度严格检验其低温组织稳定性。在加工过程中应进行适当的热处理，以保证材料具有良好的深冲引伸性能。当使用锻材时应严格检验其气密性。合金组织结构      合金按1.5规定的热处理制度处理后，再经-78.5℃冷冻，大于等于4h不应出现马氏体组织。但当合金成分不当时，在常温或低温下将发生不同程度的奥氏体(γ)向针状马氏体(α)转变，相变时伴随着体积膨胀效应。合金的膨胀系数相应增高，致使封接件的内应力剧增，甚至造成部分损坏。影响合金低温组织稳定性的主要因素是合金的化学成分。从Fe-Ni-Co三元相图中可以看到，镍是稳定γ相的主要元素，镍含量偏高有利于γ相的稳定。随合金总变形率增加其组织越趋向稳定。合金成分偏析也可能造成局部区域的γ→α相变。此外晶粒粗大也会促进γ→α相变。 PRODUCT PARAMETERS 产品参数 4J29化学成分CMnSiPSCuCrMoNiCoFe28.516.80.030.50.300.0200.0200.200.200.2029.517.8余量在平均线膨胀系数达到标准规定条件下，允许镍、钴含量偏离表规定范围。铝、镁、锆和钛的含量各不大于0.10%，其总量应不大于0.20%。 上一页：K94610