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个人中心Q345B播报讨论上传视频钢材的材质收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10Q345是一种钢材的材质，表示屈服强度不小于345MPa，质量等级为B级的低合金高强度结构钢。 [1]它是碳素合金钢（c<0.2%)，综合性能好，低温性能好，冷冲压性能好，焊接性能和可切削性能好。广泛应用于桥梁、车辆、船舶、建筑、压力容器等。中文名Q345B
别    名16MN
Q钢的屈服强度
345屈服强度数值，单位MPa
B质量等级为B级
执行标准执行GB/T1591-2008
应    用桥梁、车辆、船舶、建筑
优    点低温性能好，冷冲压性能

目录
1优质2特性3工具钢4易切削钢5合金6结构钢7高强度钢8弹簧钢9轴承钢10合金高速11耐热钢12焊条钢13电工硅钢
优质
播报编辑①钢号开头的两位数字表示钢的碳含量，以平均碳含量的万分之几表示，例如平均碳含量为0.45%的钢，钢号为“45”，它不是顺序号，所以不能读成45号钢,可读作45钢。②锰含量较高的优质碳素结构钢，应将锰元素标出，例如50Mn。③沸腾钢、半镇静钢及专门用途的优质碳素结构钢应在钢号最后特别标出，例如平均碳含量为0.1%的半镇静钢，其钢号为10b。
特性
播报编辑①由Q+数字+质量等级符号+脱氧方法符号组成。它的钢号冠以“Q”，代表钢材的屈服点，后面的数字表示屈服点数值，单位是MPa例如Q235表示屈服点（Rel)为235 MPa的碳素结构钢I。当砖雕方要求钢板具有厚度方向性能时，则上牌号后加上代表厚度方向（Z向）性能级别的符号，例如：Q345BZ15。②必要时钢号后面可标出表示质量等级和脱氧方法的符号。质量等级符号分别为A、B、C、D、E。脱氧方法符号：F表示沸腾钢；b表示半镇静钢：Z表示镇静钢；TZ表示特殊镇静钢，镇静钢可不标符号，即Z和TZ都可不标。例如Q235-AF表示A级沸腾钢。③专门用途的碳素钢，例如桥梁钢、船用钢等，基本上采用碳素结构钢的表示方法，但在钢号最后附加表示用途的字母。
工具钢
播报编辑①钢号冠以“T”，以免与其他钢类相混。②钢号中的数字表示碳含量，以平均碳含量的千分之几表示。例如“T8”表示平均碳含量为0.8%。③锰含量较高者，在钢号最后标出“Mn”，例如“T8Mn”。④高级优质碳素工具钢的磷、硫含量，比一般优质碳素工具钢低，在钢号最后加注字母“A”，以示区别，例如“T8MnA”。
易切削钢
播报编辑①钢号冠以“Y”，以区别于优质碳素结构钢。②字母“Y”后的数字表示碳含量，以平均碳含量的万分之几表示，例如平均碳含量为0.3%的易切削钢，其钢号为“Y30”。③锰含量较高者，亦在钢号后标出“Mn”，例如“Y40Mn”。
合金
播报编辑Q345B①钢号开头的两位数字表示钢的碳含量，以平均碳含量的万分之几表示，如40Cr。②钢中主要合金元素，除个别微合金元素外，一般以百分之几表示。当平均合金含量<1.5%时，钢号中一般只标出元素符号，而不标明含量，但在特殊情况下易致混淆者，在元素符号后亦可标以数字“1”，例如钢号“12CrMoV”和“12Cr1MoV”，前者铬含量为0.4-0.6%，后者为0.9-1.2%，其余成分全部相同。当合金元素平均含量≥1.5%、≥2.5%、≥3.5%……时，在元素符号后面应标明含量，可相应表示为2、3、4……等。例如18Cr2Ni4WA。③钢中的钒V、钛Ti、铝AL、硼B、稀土RE等合金元素，均属微合金元素，虽然含量很低，仍应在钢号中标出。例如20MnVB钢中。钒为0.07-0.12%，硼为0.001-0.005%。④高级优质钢应在钢号最后加“A”，以区别于一般优质钢。⑤专门用途的合金结构钢，钢号冠以（或后缀）代表该钢种用途的符号。例如，铆螺专用的30CrMnSi钢，钢号表示为ML30CrMnSi。
结构钢
播报编辑16mn小口径无缝钢管Q345B钢板产品简介：Q345A(GB/T 1591-1994) ω/% 性能及应用：类同于Q235的命名方法。Q345a，Q345b，Q345c，Q345d，Q345e。这是等级的区分，所代表的，主要是冲击的温度有所不同而已。Q345a级，是不做冲击；Q345b级，是20度常温冲击；Q345c级，是0度冲击；Q345d级，是－20度冲击；Q345e级，是－40度冲击。在不同的冲击温度，冲击的数值也有所不同。在板材里，属低合金系列。在低合金的材质里，此种材质为最普通的。Q345过去的一种叫法为：16mn。一，板材规格尺寸材 质厚度宽度长度Q345B18538150322Q345B10220010800Q345B15200010700Q345B20235012000Q345B18538150322Q345B40252011640Q345B50260011600Q345B60230011100Q345B7021209050Q345B80254012200Q345B90220010200Q345B100255010300Q345B12023609200Q345B15025806700Q345B18638510901Q345B20023807910Q345B22023607390Q345B24023807250Q345B26023706500Q345B27023006210Q345B28022606480Q345B32019506000二，化学成份牌号CSiMnPSVNbAlTiCrNiCuQ345A≤0.20≤0.50≤1.70≤0.035≤0.035≤0.15≤0.07-≤0.20≤0.30≤0.50≤0.30Q345B≤0.20≤0.50≤1.70≤0.0350.035≤0.15≤0.07-≤0.20≤0.30≤0.50≤0.30Q345C≤0.20≤0.50≤1.70≤0.030≤0.030≤0.15≤0.07≥0.015≤0.20≤0.30≤0.50≤0.30Q345D0.18≤0.50≤1.70≤0.030≤0.025≤0.15≤0.07≥0.015≤0.20≤0.30≤0.50≤0.30Q345E≤0.18≤0.50≤1.70≤0.025≤0.020≤0.15≤0.07≥0.015≤0.20≤0.30≤0.50≤0.30三，力学性能屈服强度：≤16mm：大于345，16-40mm：大于335，40-63mm：大于325，63—80mm：大于315，80—100m：大于305，100—150mm：大于285，150—200mm：大于275。抗拉强度：470—630。伸长率：大于17。冲击试验：试验温度：20℃：大于34。四，执行标准：Q345的外部执行标准为：gb709，内部执行标准为：gb/t1591-94，由于执行标准的原因，此种钢板允许负公差交货。最新执行标准为GB/T1591-2018.另：Q345最新标准GB/T1591-2018 相对于老标准，以Q355钢级代替Q345钢级，最明显的一个变化就是Mn元素含量的变化，从原来的1.0-1.60调整为≤1.60，取消了最小值的限定。随着现代工业的发现，科技的不断进步，各种微量元素在钢板中的应用也更加广泛，Mn含量不再是影响钢材强度和机械性能的因素。所以中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局和中国国家标准化管理委员会联合发布实施的低合金高强度结构钢标准，取消Mn含量区间的限定，只规定最大值。对于Q345钢材的检测，一方面是钢材的元素含量是否达到国标要求，最重要的一方面是通过专业机构检测钢材的机械性能（屈服强度、拉伸试验）是否达到标准。五，Q235与Q345的区别不同：Q235的屈服强度下限为235mpa,Q345的屈服强度下限为345mpa（Q的意义为汉字的"屈"字，后面的数值代表屈服强度下限）二者合金含量不同：Q235为普通碳钢，Q345为低合金钢。（与旧标准1591-88牌号对照12mnv、16mn 16mnre、18nb、14mnnb）六，性能和应用Q235--金属结构件，心部强度要求不高的渗碳或氰化零件，拉杆、连杆、吊钩、车钩、螺栓螺母、套筒、轴及焊接件。Q345--综合力学性能良好，低温性能亦可，塑性和焊接性良好，用做中低压容器、油罐、车辆、起重机、矿山机械、电站、桥梁等承受动荷的结构、机械零件、建筑结构、一般金属结构件，热轧或正火状态使用，可用于-40℃以下寒冷地区的各种结构。如结构是强度控制，可考虑采用Q345，如结构是刚度控制，可考虑采用Q235。价格Q345稍贵点，但因其高强度，可节省材料。具体选用可从以上几点综合比较。①．广泛应用于桥梁、车辆、船舶、建筑、压力容器等。②．适用于热轧、控轧、正火、正火加回火及淬火状态供应的工程用钢和一般结构用厚度不小于3mm的钢板、钢带及型钢、钢棒。
高强度钢
播报编辑①钢号的表示方法，基本上和合金结构钢相同。②对专业用低合金高强度钢，应在钢号最后标明。例如16Mn钢，用于桥梁的专用钢种为“16MnQ”，汽车大梁的专用钢种为“16MnL”，压力容器的专用钢种为“16MnR”。
弹簧钢
播报编辑弹簧钢按化学成分可分为碳素弹簧钢和合金弹簧钢两类，其钢号表示方法，前者基本上与优质碳素结构钢相同，后者基本上与合金结构钢相同。
轴承钢
播报编辑①钢号冠以字母“G”，表示滚动轴承钢类。②高碳铬轴承钢钢号的碳含量不标出，铬含量以千分之几表示。例如GCr15。渗碳轴承钢的钢号表示方法，基本上和合金结构钢相同。
合金高速
播报编辑①合金工具钢钢号的平均碳含量≥1.0%时，不标出碳含量；当平均碳含量<1.0%时，以千分之几表示。例如Cr12、CrWMn、9SiCr、3Cr2W8V。②钢中合金元素含量的表示方法，基本上与合金结构钢相同。但对铬含量较低的合金工具钢钢号，其铬含量以千分之几表示，并在表示含量的数字前加“0”，以便把它和一般元素含量按百分之几表示的方法区别开来。例如Cr06。③高速工具钢的钢号一般不标出碳含量，只标出各种合金元素平均含量的百分之几。例如钨系高速钢的钢号表示为“W18Cr4V”。钢号冠以字母“C”者，表示其碳含量高于未冠“C”的通用钢号。
耐热钢
播报编辑①钢号中碳含量以千分之几表示。例如“2Cr13”钢的平均碳含量为0.2%；若钢中含碳量≤0.03%或≤0.08%者,钢号前分别冠以“00”及“0”表示之，例如00Cr17Ni14Mo2、0Cr18 Ni9等。②对钢中主要合金元素以百分之几表示，而钛、铌、锆、氮……等则按上述合金结构钢对微合金元素的表示方法标出。
焊条钢
播报编辑它的钢号前冠以字母“H”，以区别于其他钢类。例如不锈钢焊丝为“H2Cr13”，可以区别于不锈钢“2Cr13”。
电工硅钢
播报编辑①钢号由字母和数字组成。钢号头部字母DR表示电工用热轧硅钢，DW表示电工用冷轧无取向硅钢，DQ表示电工用冷轧取向硅钢。②字母之后的数字表示铁损值（W/kg）的100倍。③钢号尾部加字母“G”者，表示在高频率下检验的；未加“G”者，表示在频率为50周波下检验的。例如钢号DW470表示电工用冷轧无取向硅钢产品在50赫频率时的最大单位重量铁损值为4.7W/kg。新手上路成长任务编辑入门编辑规则本人编辑我有疑问内容质疑在线客服官方贴吧意见反馈投诉建议举报不良信息未通过词条申诉投诉侵权信息封禁查询与解封©2025 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 百科协议 | 隐私政策 | 百度百科合作平台 | 京ICP证030173号 京公网安备11000002000001号window.PAGE_DATA= 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