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个人中心45播报讨论上传视频自然数展开3个同名词条收藏查看我的收藏0有用+1045（forty-five）是44与46之间的自然数，也是奇数，合数，大写为肆拾伍。中文名45
外文名forty-five
读    法四十五
性    质自然数
大    写肆拾伍
拼    音sì shí wǔ
韩    文사십오

目录
1数学领域▪基本信息▪数学性质▪倍数表2科学领域3其它领域4网络用语
数学领域
播报编辑基本信息大写：肆拾伍拼音：sì shí wǔ英文：forty-five数字类型：正整数、自然数、奇数（单数）、合数质因数的分解：3×3×5因数：1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45相反数：-45倒数：1/45负倒数：-1/45由于1+3+5+9+15=33＜45,所以45是一个亏数。罗马数字：XLV二进制：101101三进制：1200四进制：231八进制：55十六进制：2D数学性质第30个合数，正约数有1、3、5、9、15和45。前一个为44、下一个为46。第35个亏数，真约数和为33，亏度为12。前一个为44、下一个为46。第21个十进制的哈沙德数。前一个为42、下一个为48。第21个十进制的奢侈数。前一个为44、下一个为46。三角形数、六边形数、十六边形数卡布列克数45是32与62的和。乘法口诀：五九四十五倍数表乘数乘积145290313541805225627073158360940510450114951254013585146301567516720177651881019855209002194522990231,035241,080251,125261,170271,215281,260291,305301,350311,395321,440……
科学领域
播报编辑铑的原子序数
其它领域
播报编辑丹麦的国际电话区号结婚45年称为蓝宝石婚年一种留声机的记录类型，其转速45转每分钟黑人说唱中 经常有 “45”一词 意思是 45自动式手枪中华人民共和国的居民身份证（广西壮族自治区开头的代号）在机械设计中，45是“45号钢”的简称。
网络用语
播报编辑45=失误世界最伟大的篮球运动员--迈克尔乔丹~曾用过的球衣号45=死尸巫泓昊网络用语中45也常谐音做师父的意思新手上路成长任务编辑入门编辑规则本人编辑我有疑问内容质疑在线客服官方贴吧意见反馈投诉建议举报不良信息未通过词条申诉投诉侵权信息封禁查询与解封©2025 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 百科协议 | 隐私政策 | 百度百科合作平台 | 京ICP证030173号 京公网安备11000002000001号window.PAGE_DATA= 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45钢是GB中的叫法，也叫“油钢”。市场现货热轧居多；冷轧规格1.0~4.0mm（毫米）之间。该钢冷塑性一般，退火、正火比调质时要稍好，具有较高的强度和较好的切削加工性。特性常用中碳调质结构钢。该钢冷塑性一般，退火、正火比调质时要稍好，具有较高的强度和较好的切削加工性，经适当的热处理以后可获得一定的韧性、塑性和耐磨性，材料来源方便。适合于氢焊和氩弧焊，不太适合于气焊。焊前需预热，焊后应进行去应力退火。正火可改善硬度小于160HBS毛坯的切削性能。该钢经调质处理后，其综合力学性能要优化于其他中碳结构钢，但该钢淬透性较低，水中临界淬透直径为12~17mm，水淬时有开裂倾向。当直径大于80mm时，经调质或正火后，其力学性能相近，对中、小型模具零件进行调质处理后可获得较高的强度和韧性，而大型零件，则以正火处理为宜，所以，此钢通常在调质或正火状态下使用。液相线温度1495℃左右，碳含量0.42~0.50%。参考对应钢号：中国GB标准钢号45；日本JIS标准钢号S45C/S48C；德国DIN标准材料钢号1.0503；德国DIN标准钢号C45；英国BS标准钢号IC45/080A47；法国AFNOR标准钢号CC45；法国NF标准钢号C45；意大利UNI标准钢号C45；比利时NBN标准钢号C45-1；瑞典SS标准钢号1650；西班牙标准钢号F.114；美国AISI/SAE标准钢号1045；国际标准化组织ISO标准钢号C45E4。力学性能正火：850 　；淬火：840 　；回火：600 　；抗拉强度：不小于600Mpa 　；屈服强度：不小于355Mpa 　；伸长率：16 [1]  % 　；收缩率：40% 　；冲击功：39J 　；钢材交货状态硬度 [1]  ：热轧钢：≤229HB退火钢：≤197HB成分主要成分为 Fe（铁元素），且含有以下少量元素：C：0.42~0.50%Si：0.17~0.37%Mn：0.50~0.80%P： ≤0.035%S： ≤0.035%Cr：≤0.25%Ni：≤0.25%Cu：≤0.25% [1] 密度7.85g/cm3，弹性模量210GPa，泊松比0.269。处理方法热处理推荐热处理温度：正火850，淬火840，回火600。45号钢淬火后没有回火之前，硬度大于HRC55（最高可达HRC62)为合格。实际应用的最高硬度为HRC55（高频淬火HRC58)。2.45号钢不要采用渗碳淬火的热处理工艺。渗碳处理一般用于表面耐磨、芯部耐冲击的重载零件，其耐磨性比调质+表面淬火高。其表面含碳量0.8－－1.2%，芯部一般在0.1－－0.25%（特殊情况下采用0.35%）。经热处理后，表面可以获得很高的硬度(HRC58－－62)，芯部硬度低，耐冲击。如果用45号钢渗碳，淬火后芯部会出现硬脆的马氏体，失去渗碳处理的优点。采用渗碳工艺的材料，含碳量都不高，到0.30%芯部强度已经可以达到很高，应用上不多见。0.35%从来没见过实例，只在教科书里有介绍。可以采用调质+高频表面淬火的工艺，耐磨性较渗碳略差。加工处理规范冷压毛胚软化处理规范：温度740~760℃，保温时间4~6h，以50~100℃/h的冷速，随炉降至温度≤600℃，出炉空冷，处理前硬度≤197HBS，处理后硬度≤156HBS。正火规范：正火温度850-870℃，正火后硬度170-217HBS。调质处理规范：淬火温度840±10℃，水冷淬火；回火温度600±10℃，出炉空冷。执行标准中GB/T699-1999标准规定的45钢推荐热处理温度为850℃正火、840℃淬火、600℃回火，达到的性能为屈服强度≥355MPaGB/T699-1999标准规定45钢抗拉强度≥600MPa，屈服强度≥355MPa，伸长率≥16%，断面收缩率≥40%，冲击功为39J。处理要求45钢调质硬度在HRC20~HRC30之间；45钢淬火硬度在HRC55~58之间,极限值可达HRC62；45钢要放置15-20天才能使用,是因为要进行时效处理,使钢的性能稳定下来，实际应用的最高硬度为HRC55（高频淬火HRC58）。45钢为优质碳素结构用钢，硬度不高易切削加工，模具中常用来做模板，梢子，导柱等，但须热处理 。45钢淬火后没有回火之前，硬度大于HRC55（最高可达HRC62）为合格。实际应用的最高硬度为HRC55（高频淬火HRC58）。2. 45钢不要采用渗碳淬火的热处理工艺。调质处理后零件具有良好的综合机械性能，广泛应用于各种重要的结构零件，特别是那些在交变负荷下工作的连杆、螺栓、齿轮及轴类等。但表面硬度较低，不耐磨。可用调质+表面淬火提高零件表面硬度。用途轴类零件特点轴类零件是机器中经常遇到的典型零件之一。它主要用来支承传动零部件，传递扭矩和承受载荷。轴类零件是旋转体零件，其长度大于直径，一般由同心轴的外圆柱面、圆锥面、内孔和螺纹及相应的端面所组成。根据结构形状的不同，轴类零件可分为光轴、阶梯轴、空心轴和曲轴等。轴的长径比小于5的称为短轴，大于20的称为细长轴，大多数轴介于两者之间。轴用轴承支承，与轴承配合的轴段称为轴颈。轴颈是轴的装配基准，它们的精度和表面质量一般要求较高，其技术要求一般根据轴的主要功用和工作条件制定，通常有以下几项：（一）尺寸精度 起支承作用的轴颈为了确定轴的位置，通常对其尺寸精度要求较高(IT5～IT7)。装配传动件的轴颈尺寸精度一般要求较低(IT6～IT9)。（二）几何形状精度 轴类零件的几何形状精度主要是指轴颈、外锥面、莫氏锥孔等的圆度、圆柱度等，一般应将其公差限制在尺寸公差范围内。对精度要求较高的内外圆表面，应在图纸上标注其允许偏差。（三）相互位置精度 轴类零件的位置精度要求主要是由轴在机械中的位置和功用决定的。通常应保证装配传动件的轴颈对支承轴颈的同轴度要求，否则会影响传动件（齿轮等）的传动精度，并产生噪声。普通精度的轴，其配合轴段对支承轴颈的径向跳动一般为0.01～0.03mm,高精度轴（如主轴）通常为0.001～0.005mm。（四）表面粗糙度 一般与传动件相配合的轴径表面粗糙度为Ra2.5～0.63μm,与轴承相配合的支承轴径的表面粗糙度为Ra0.63～0.16μm。毛坯和材料（一）轴类零件的毛坯 轴类零件可根据使用要求、生产类型、设备条件及结构，选用棒料、锻件等毛坯形式。对于外圆直径相差不大的轴，一般以棒料为主；而对于外圆直径相差大的阶梯轴或重要的轴，常选用锻件，这样既节约材料又减少机械加工的工作量，还可改善机械性能。根据生产规模的不同，毛坯的锻造方式有自由锻和模锻两种。中小批生产多采用自由锻，大批大量生产时采用模锻。（二）轴类零件的材料 轴类零件应根据不同的工作条件和使用要求选用不同的材料并采用不同的热处理规范（如调质、正火、淬火等），以获得一定的强度、韧性和耐磨性。45钢是轴类零件的常用材料，它价格便宜经过调质（或正火）后，可得到较好的切削性能，而且能获得较高的强度和韧性等综合机械性能，淬火后表面硬度可达45～52HRC。40Cr等合金结构钢适用于中等精度而转速较高的轴类零件，这类钢经调质和淬火后，具有较好的综合机械性能。轴承钢GCr15和弹簧钢65Mn,经调质和表面高频淬火后，表面硬度可达50～58HRC,并具有较高的耐疲劳性能和较好的耐磨性能，可制造较高精度的轴。精密机床的主轴（例如磨床砂轮轴、坐标镗床主轴）可选用38CrMoAIA氮化钢。这种钢经调质和表面氮化后，不仅能获得很高的表面硬度，而且能保持较软的芯部，因此耐冲击韧性好。与渗碳淬火钢比较，它有热处理变形很小，硬度更高的特性。45号钢广泛用于机械制造，这种钢的机械性能很好。但是这是一种中碳钢，淬火性能并不好， 45号钢可以淬硬至HRC42~46。所以如果需要表面硬度，又希望发挥45#钢优越的机械性能，常将45#钢表面淬火（高频淬火或者直接淬火），这样就能得到需要的表面硬度。注：直径为8―12mm的45号钢淬火时容易产生裂纹，这是一个较为复杂的问题。采取的措施是淬火时试样在水中快速搅动，或者采用油冷，可避免出现裂纹。在模具修补领域45号钢所针对的模具焊材型号为：CMC-E45它是唯一接合性较好之中硬度钢焊条，适用于空冷钢、铸钢：如ICD5、7CrSiMnMoV…等等。汽车板金覆盖件模具及大型五金板金冲压模具之拉延、拉伸部位修补，也可用于硬面制作。另外在使用时也有一些需要注意的：1. 于潮湿场地施工前，焊条先以150-200°C烘干30-50分钟。2. 通常施以200°C以上预热，焊接后空冷，可能的话最好实施应力消除。3. 需多层堆焊处，以CMC-E30N打底，可得到较好的焊接效果。硬度 HRC 48-52主要成份 Cr Si Mn C适用电流范围：直径及长度m/m 3.2*350mm 4.0*350mm电流范围(Amp) 70-100 130-150