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个人中心45号钢板播报讨论上传视频中碳钢制成的钢板材料收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10同义词S45C（S45C）一般指45号钢板45号钢板，是用45号钢为材质制成的钢板。材料密度7.85g/cm³，尺寸、外形重量、化学成分、技术要求方面依据国标GB/T 711-2017执行 [7]。45号钢是一种优质碳素钢，含碳量0.42%-0.50% [2]，属于中碳钢 [3]。45号钢具有一定的塑性和韧性、较高的强度，可加工性良好，采用调质处理可获得很好的综合力学性能。淬透性较差，水淬易产生裂纹。焊接性较差，仍可焊接，但焊前应将焊件进行预热，且焊后应进行退火处理，以消除焊接应力。 [4]钢板是一种宽厚比和表面积都很大的扁平钢材，有很大的覆盖和包容能力，可剪裁组合，还可焊接、弯曲、冲压、冷弯，应用广泛。 [5]45号钢板性能适中，主要用于制造有一定强度和承受冲击的机械结构零部件，如汽车大梁、横梁、车架等。 [6]中文名45号钢板
外文名carbon steel
δ5\%≥16
常见厚度0.5－80 mm
材料密度7.85g/cm³
国标牌号GB/T 699-2015 [1]
σ    b≥600MPa
σ    s≥355MPa

目录
1产品简介2机械性能▪调制处理硬度规格尺寸▪45号钢的调质3具体应用4辨别型号
产品简介
播报编辑化学成分元素比例(%)：碳C：0.42～0.50；铬Cr：≤0.25；锰Mn：0.50～0.80；镍Ni：≤0.25；磷P：≤0.035；硫S：≤0.035；硅Si：0.17～0.37
机械性能
播报编辑σb\MPa:≥600σs\MPa:≥355δ5\%:≥16ψ\%:≥40硬度\HB:≤197GB/T699-1999标准规定的45钢推荐热处理温度为850℃正火、840℃淬火、600℃回火，达到的性能为屈服强度≥355MPaGB/T699-1999标准规定45钢抗拉强度为600MPa，屈服强度为355MPa，伸长率为16%，断面收缩率为40%调制处理硬度规格尺寸45#（号）钢和40Cr钢调质的热处理工艺调质是淬火加高温回火的双重热处理，其目的是使工件具有良好的综合机械性能。调质钢有碳素调质钢和合金调质钢二大类，不管是碳钢还是合金钢，其含碳量控制比较严格。如果含碳量过高，调质后工件的强度虽高，但韧性不够，如含碳量过低，韧性提高而强度不足。为使调质件得到好的综合性能，一般含碳量控制在0.30~0.50%。调质淬火时，要求工件整个截面淬透，使工件得到以细针状淬火马氏体为主的显微组织。通过高温回火，得到以均匀回火索氏体为主的显微组织。小型工厂不可能每炉搞金相分析，一般只作硬度测试，这就是说，淬火后的硬度必须达到该材料的淬火硬度，回火后硬度按图要求来检查。工件调质处理的操作，必须严格按工艺文件执行，对操作过程中如何实施工艺提些看法。45号钢的调质45号钢是中碳结构钢，冷热加工性能都不错，机械性能较好，且价格低、来源广，所以应用广泛。它的最大弱点是淬透性低，截面尺寸大和要求比较高的工件不宜采用。45号钢淬火温度在A3+(30~50) ℃，在实际操作中，一般是取上限的。偏高的淬火温度可以使工件加热速度加快，表面氧化减少，且能提高工效。为使工件的奥氏体均匀化，就需要足够的保温时间。如果实际装炉量大，就需适当延长保温时间。不然，可能会出现因加热不均匀造成硬度不足的现象。但保温时间过长，也会也出现晶粒粗大，氧化脱碳严重的弊病，影响淬火质量，如装炉量大于工艺文件的规定，加热保温时间需延长1/5。因为45号钢淬透性低，故应采用冷却速度大的10%盐水溶液。工件入水后，应该淬透，但不是冷透，如果工件在盐水中冷透，就有可能使工件开裂，这是因为当工件冷却到180℃左右时，奥氏体迅速转变为马氏体造成过大的组织应力所致。因此，当淬火工件快冷到该温度区域，就应采取缓冷的方法。由于出水温度难以掌握，须凭经验操作，当水中的工件抖动停止，即可出水空冷（如能油冷更好）。另外，工件入水宜动不宜静，应按照工件的几何形状，作规则运动。静止的冷却介质加上静止的工件，导致硬度不均匀，应力不均匀而使工件变形大，甚至开裂。45号钢调质件淬火后的硬度应该达到HRC56~59，截面大的可能低些，但不能低于HRC48，不然，就说明工件未得到完全淬火，组织中可能出现索氏体甚至铁素体组织，这种组织通过回火，仍然保留在基体中，达不到调质的目的。45号钢淬火后的高温回火，加热温度通常为560~600℃，硬度要求为HRC22~34。因为调质的目的是得到综合机械性能，所以硬度范围比较宽。但图纸有硬度要求的，就要按图纸要求调整回火温度，以保证硬度。如有些轴类零件要求强度高，硬度要求就高；而有些齿轮、带键槽的轴类零件，因调质后还要进行铣、插加工，硬度要求就低些。关于回火保温时间，视硬度要求和工件大小而定，回火后的硬度取决于回火温度，与回火时间关系不大，但必须回透，一般工件回火保温时间总在一小时以上。
具体应用
播报编辑45号钢广泛应用于机械，未热处理时：HB≤229；热处理：正火；冲击功：Aku≥39J；强度较高，塑性和韧性尚好，45#钢板淬火后没有回火之前，硬度大于HRC55（最高可达HRC62）为合格,经过热处理，再回火可以达到HRC42-46，这样既能保证它良好的机械性能，又能得到表面的硬度要求，用于制作承受负荷较大的小截面调质件和应力较小的大型正火零件，以及对心部强度要求不高的表面淬火零件，如梢子,导柱，表针等部件。
辨别型号
播报编辑1. 常通过用砂轮磨，看火花，发白的是中碳钢，如45号钢，发红的是A3钢。2. 45钢和Q235的材料在石头上磨一磨,容易磨掉的就是Q235。3. 用锤子敲一下,45钢的痕比Q235(A3)的痕迹浅得多,因为Q235比45钢软得多。新手上路成长任务编辑入门编辑规则本人编辑我有疑问内容质疑在线客服官方贴吧意见反馈投诉建议举报不良信息未通过词条申诉投诉侵权信息封禁查询与解封©2025 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 百科协议 | 隐私政策 | 百度百科合作平台 | 京ICP证030173号 京公网安备11000002000001号window.PAGE_DATA= 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优质碳素钢：GT/T 699-2015[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2016:3.","isPublic":"1","index":2,"uuid":"uEqT8VxKqkZk","imgs":[{"url":"b8014a90f603738da9770ca90b42a751f819871846bc","viewUrl":"https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/b8014a90f603738da9770ca90b42a751f819871846bc?x-bce-process=image/watermark,text_55m-5bqm55m-56eRCmI4MDE0YTkwZjYwMzczOGRhOTc3MGM,g_3,x_10,y_10,type_RlpLYWk=,a_-30,size_28,color_00000040,skc_ffffff40,skw_1,layout_tile","previewUrl":"https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/b8014a90f603738da9770ca90b42a751f819871846bc?x-bce-process=image/resize,m_lfit,w_235,h_235,limit_1"},{"url":"a8ec8a13632762d0f703ca3418b51ffa513d279768bc","viewUrl":"https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/a8ec8a13632762d0f703ca3418b51ffa513d279768bc?x-bce-process=image/watermark,text_55m-5bqm55m-56eRCmE4ZWM4YTEzNjMyNzYyZDBmNzAzY2E,g_3,x_10,y_10,type_RlpLYWk=,a_-30,size_28,color_00000040,skc_ffffff40,skw_1,layout_tile","previewUrl":"https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/a8ec8a13632762d0f703ca3418b51ffa513d279768bc?x-bce-process=image/resize,m_lfit,w_235,h_235,limit_1"}]},{"type":3,"text":"夏征农. 辞海 工程技术分册[M]. 上海：上海辞书出版社, 1987：179.","isPublic":"1","index":3,"uuid":"uEqTnvk44aKu","imgs":[{"url":"7a899e510fb30f2442a7cf8f70ccc643ad4bd013a5bc","viewUrl":"https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/7a899e510fb30f2442a7cf8f70ccc643ad4bd013a5bc?x-bce-process=image/watermark,text_55m-5bqm55m-56eRCjdhODk5ZTUxMGZiMzBmMjQ0MmE3Y2Y,g_3,x_10,y_10,type_RlpLYWk=,a_-30,size_28,color_00000040,skc_ffffff40,skw_1,layout_tile","previewUrl":"https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/7a899e510fb30f2442a7cf8f70ccc643ad4bd013a5bc?x-bce-process=image/resize,m_lfit,w_235,h_235,limit_1"},{"url":"faedab64034f78f0f7368a7fc1681d55b319eac4b6bc","viewUrl":"https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/faedab64034f78f0f7368a7fc1681d55b319eac4b6bc?x-bce-process=image/watermark,text_55m-5bqm55m-56eRCmZhZWRhYjY0MDM0Zjc4ZjBmNzM2OGE,g_3,x_10,y_10,type_RlpLYWk=,a_-30,size_28,color_00000040,skc_ffffff40,skw_1,layout_tile","previewUrl":"https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/faedab64034f78f0f7368a7fc1681d55b319eac4b6bc?x-bce-process=image/resize,m_lfit,w_235,h_235,limit_1"}]},{"type":3,"text":"曾正明主编. 实用钢铁材料手册[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社, 2015：115.","isPublic":"1","index":4,"uuid":"uEqTM8un1kEt","imgs":[{"url":"0b7b02087bf40ad162d9a16eef7506dfa9ec8b1360be","viewUrl":"https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/0b7b02087bf40ad162d9a16eef7506dfa9ec8b1360be?x-bce-process=image/watermark,text_55m-5bqm55m-56eRCjBiN2IwMjA4N2JmNDBhZDE2MmQ5YTE,g_3,x_10,y_10,type_RlpLYWk=,a_-30,size_28,color_00000040,skc_ffffff40,skw_1,layout_tile","previewUrl":"https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/0b7b02087bf40ad162d9a16eef7506dfa9ec8b1360be?x-bce-process=image/resize,m_lfit,w_235,h_235,limit_1"},{"url":"562c11dfa9ec8a1363273b6d4f5a868fa0ec09fa6abe","viewUrl":"https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/562c11dfa9ec8a1363273b6d4f5a868fa0ec09fa6abe?x-bce-process=image/watermark,text_55m-5bqm55m-56eRCjU2MmMxMWRmYTllYzhhMTM2MzI3M2I,g_3,x_10,y_10,type_RlpLYWk=,a_-30,size_28,color_00000040,skc_ffffff40,skw_1,layout_tile","previewUrl":"https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/562c11dfa9ec8a1363273b6d4f5a868fa0ec09fa6abe?x-bce-process=image/resize,m_lfit,w_235,h_235,limit_1"}]},{"type":3,"text":"曾正明主编. 实用钢铁材料手册[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社, 2015：260.","isPublic":"1","index":5,"uuid":"uEqTXn8e4uuN","imgs":[{"url":"8d5494eef01f3a292df52543217cab315c6035a8d6be","viewUrl":"https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/8d5494eef01f3a292df52543217cab315c6035a8d6be?x-bce-process=image/watermark,text_55m-5bqm55m-56eRCjhkNTQ5NGVlZjAxZjNhMjkyZGY1MjU,g_3,x_10,y_10,type_RlpLYWk=,a_-30,size_28,color_00000040,skc_ffffff40,skw_1,layout_tile","previewUrl":"https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/8d5494eef01f3a292df52543217cab315c6035a8d6be?x-bce-process=image/resize,m_lfit,w_235,h_235,limit_1"},{"url":"d000baa1cd11728b47104caf70a5d4cec3fdfd0386be","viewUrl":"https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/d000baa1cd11728b47104caf70a5d4cec3fdfd0386be?x-bce-process=image/watermark,text_55m-5bqm55m-56eRCmQwMDBiYWExY2QxMTcyOGI0NzEwNGM,g_3,x_10,y_10,type_RlpLYWk=,a_-30,size_28,color_00000040,skc_ffffff40,skw_1,layout_tile","previewUrl":"https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/d000baa1cd11728b47104caf70a5d4cec3fdfd0386be?x-bce-process=image/resize,m_lfit,w_235,h_235,limit_1"}]},{"type":3,"text":"曾正明主编. 实用钢铁材料手册[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社, 2015：263.","isPublic":"1","index":6,"uuid":"uEqU6Vult95X","imgs":[{"url":"2f738bd4b31c8701a18bc5689f26892f0708293851b1","viewUrl":"https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/2f738bd4b31c8701a18bc5689f26892f0708293851b1?x-bce-process=image/watermark,text_55m-5bqm55m-56eRCjJmNzM4YmQ0YjMxYzg3MDFhMThiYzU,g_3,x_10,y_10,type_RlpLYWk=,a_-30,size_28,color_00000040,skc_ffffff40,skw_1,layout_tile","previewUrl":"https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/2f738bd4b31c8701a18bc5689f26892f0708293851b1?x-bce-process=image/resize,m_lfit,w_235,h_235,limit_1"},{"url":"08f790529822720e0cf3b974c3921d46f21fbf097db1","viewUrl":"https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/08f790529822720e0cf3b974c3921d46f21fbf097db1?x-bce-process=image/watermark,text_55m-5bqm55m-56eRCjA4Zjc5MDUyOTgyMjcyMGUwY2YzYjk,g_3,x_10,y_10,type_RlpLYWk=,a_-30,size_28,color_00000040,skc_ffffff40,skw_1,layout_tile","previewUrl":"https://bkimg.cdn.bcebos.com/pic/08f790529822720e0cf3b974c3921d46f21fbf097db1?x-bce-process=image/resize,m_lfit,w_235,h_235,limit_1"}]},{"type":3,"text":"中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局，中国国家标准化管理委员会. 优质碳素结构钢热轧钢板和钢带：GB/T 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广泛用于机械制造，这种钢的机械性能很好。但是这是一种中碳钢，淬火性能并不好，45号钢可以淬硬至HRC42~46。所以如果需要表面硬度，又希望发挥45#钢优越的机械性能，常将45#钢表面渗碳淬火，这样就能得到需要的表面硬度。化学成分P≤0.030S≤0.035Cu≤0.30Ni≤0.20Cr≤0.20力学性能供货状态硬度137~170HBS167~229HBS201~269HBS。抗拉强度>686MPa屈服强度>490MPa伸长率δ5>17%收缩率ψ>45%冲击韧性值>78J/cm2硬度201~269HB。对应型号参考对应钢号我国GB/JB的标准钢号是45德国DIN标准材料编号1.0503法国AFNOR标准钢号CC45法国NF标准钢号C45意大利UNI标准钢号C45比利时NBN标准钢号C45-1瑞典SS标准钢号1650西班牙UNE标准钢号F.114美国AISI/SAE标准钢号1045国际标准化组织ISO标准钢号C45E4日本JIS标准钢号S45C/S48C英国BS标准钢号IC45/080A47。淬火工艺淬火、回火规范 淬火温度820℃~870℃，水冷，回火温度550~650℃，出炉后可以水冷也可以空冷。抗拉强度>686MPa，屈服强度>490MPa，伸长率δ5>17%，收缩率ψ>45%，冲击韧性值>78J/cm2，硬度201~269HB。